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Owners review change order pricing line by line, so price it the way they read it. Start with direct cost by type: labor (at burdened rates), material, equipment and subcontract. Then add markups in the order your contract allows.

Self-performed work usually carries overhead and profit (OH&P) at the contract rate. Subcontract work usually carries a lower GC markup, because the sub's quote already includes its own overhead and profit; some contracts tier it so larger sub amounts get a smaller percentage. Insurance and bond costs are often added last, as a percentage of the subtotal.

Two things keep a change order from stalling. Back-up: quotes, quantities, time and material tickets, and a clear tie to the event that caused the change. And consistency: the same markup rules, applied the same way, on every change. A reviewer who finds one inconsistency will re-check all of them.

Sample data: CO #14 on Riverside is $78,100 of cost (mostly a $68,000 sub quote from Summit Mechanical) plus $8,300 of markup, for $86,400.

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Change order markup calculator

The calculator opens on CO #14 ($86,400). Change the subcontract amount to $150,000 and look at the waterfall: note how much of the sub markup is at the tier 1 rate and how much at tier 2. Then set both tier rates equal and compare the total.

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Check yourself

Three questions, instant feedback. Get all three right to check off this lesson.

Q1Why is GC markup on subcontract work often lower than OH&P on self-performed work?

Q2Insurance and bond on a change order are commonly calculated:

Q3What most often stalls an owner's change order review?

0 of 3 correct

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